The Role of Muslim Organizations in People’s Democracy and Islamic Lesson
Indonesia is a democracy state. The word democracy comes from the Greek “ demos” means citizen and “kratos” means power. It means that democracy is authority by citizen. Democracy also means that the nation give sovereignty to citizen. The sovereignty is conceptual that related with higher authorization in a state. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesi as constitution is ground norm that make by founding father in firstly independen of Indonesia. So as top of law and source of any act in Indonesia, it said that the sovereignty in Indonesia are sovereignty of nitizen and soveregnty of law. We can see that paragraph 4 of preamble constitution,”then drafted Indonesia 's National Independence in an Act of the State of Indonesia, which is formed from arrangement of the Republic of Indonesia the sovereignty of the citizen”.Section (1) constitution also said that sovereignty belongs to the citizen and carried out according to the Constitution as well as their assertion that the State of Indonesia is a Law State. As a law state any action that related with state and citizen should be suitable with positive act. The regulation order are norms that climb in constitution. So the democracy should be obey constitution.
Section (28) constitution said that, ”the freedom of association and assembly, of express opinion with oral and written, and so on are set by law”. It means that cosntitusi had guarented freedom from society to make assembly or organitation as place to expression. Freedom to express opinions as a form of democracy has also been stated in section (28E) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in article (3) which reads as follows, Everybody has the right to freedom of association, assembly, opinion and expression ". This section shows that freedom in association , assembly , opinion and expression is a form of protection for human rights in Indonesia.
Organitation as one of implementation democracy in Indonesia, also show that can to be guarantee of human right. So it was not surprising that many organizations have grow up in Indonesia with various ideological as their background. The organization spread out in every aspect of public life until the fundamental aspects for humans such organizations that religious as their ideologi. Islam as a religion with most of followers religions in Indonesia, about 85% also participate in the development of faith organizations in Indonesia.The firts organitation Islam in Indonesia was Serikat Dagang Islam (SDI) that established in 1905 by Haji Samanhudi.
The existence of Islamic organizations in Indonesia should be as organizations that uphold the high values of Islam. It is certainly different from the concept of a democratic state in Indonesia. The making of Islam policy is in based on the Al - Quran as a holy book that is believed to be Muslims. While policy making in Indonesia is rooted in the constitution as the product of all the netizen. In Islam makes the law is a matter that is prohibited, because the right to make the laws of Allah SWT are not human. Surah Al - An'aam paragraph ( 57 ) states that,
قُلْ إِنِّي عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّي وَكَذَّبْتُمْ بِهِ ۚ مَا عِنْدِي مَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ بِهِ ۚ إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ ۖ يَقُصُّ الْحَقَّ ۖ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْفَاصِلِينَ
The meaning, “Indeed, I was on a real proof ( the Quran ) from my Lord, are you denied Him. No me what ( doom ) which yet shall ask in order to hasten its arrival. To enact such laws are the rights of Allah. He explains the truth and He will give the best decision”. Due of it making police or regulation by people is illegitimate.
It’s true that Indonesia's population is dominated by Muslim, but 15% remaining it is not Muslim. Indonesia is a country of pluralism, there are various kinds culture that stretches from Sabang to Merauke. Beside of it there are another relegion in Indonesia are Kristen, Katolik, Budha Hindu and Konghucu. So it is not relevant if Indonesia state just use Islamic concept and may it will be discrimination to another relegion.Therefore the concept democracy defined in Indonesia who are trying to uphold the people's voice to create justice for all Indonesian people.
However it does not means that Islamic concept has gone from Indonesia. At this time Muslim organization has role to uphold Islamic conceptual in the middle of people’s democracy. The role of Muslim organizations can be seen from their participate in providing policy that related with issues concerning Muslims.For example when goverment deciding frist date of fasting in Ramadhan month, they involve some of Muslim Organizations in Indonesia. It’s menas that goverment accept another idea from society. The Muslim Organizations can be Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. Although some of decision will be differet each other. Nahdatul Ulama is one of Islamic organizations in Indonesia, which has a lot of followers. This organization engaged in education, social, and economi. Then Muhammadiyah also one of Islamic Organization which has a lof followers too. This organization was established by KH.Ahmad Dahlan who wanted to purify Islamic Lessons without any mitos lessons that flourish in society. Both of organizations have a big role in some of policy which related Islam in Indonesia. Because as Muslims we should be able to get a clue like set forth in the Qur'an and hadith. As mentioned in the Surat Al- Maidah verse 15-16
“ياَهْلَ الْكِتبِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ
رَسُوْلُنَا يُبَيّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيْرًا مّمَّا كُنْتُمْ تُخْفُوْنَ مِنَ الْكِتبِ وَ
يَعْفُوْا عَنْ كَثِيْرٍ، قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ مّنَ اللهِ نُوْرٌ وَّ كِتبٌ مُّبِيْنٌ(15)
يَهْدِيْ بِهِ اللهُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَه سُبُلَ السَّلمِ وَ يُخْرِجُهُمْ مّنَ
الظُّلُمتِ اِلَى النُّوْرِ بِاِذْنِه وَ يَهْدِيْهِمْ اِلى صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيْمٍ(16)
المائدة:”
The
verse shows that people who follow the leadership of the Qur'an would have led
to the straight path.
However not all Islamic
organizations bring good to others. There are several
organizations that are radical and prone to violence in the name of religion ,
such as the Front Pembela Islam (FPI). FPI is organizations based on Islam
radical where headquarter in Jakarta. FPI existence as an Islamic organixation
can be said to deviate from Islamic lesson. The sweeping of FPI is destructive.
It’s true that club, discotheque, or maybe karaoke that still open in Ramadhan
month is conflict with Islamic lesson, but FPI should to understand that about
their sweeping. Some information said that sweeping who did by FPI made injury
some of people even made killing some people. Indonesia has had a state
institution whose job is to maintain the country 's security police. So the
sweeping should have done by police not FPI. Islam is peace relegion. Surat
Al-Anbiya verse 107
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ
This measn
that God love peace not violence.
And FPI as Islamic organization
are appropriately already reflect peace not violence. The participation of
Islamic organization in the provision of public policy showed that democracy in
Indonesia is not abslute. And it also means that Indonesia try to uphold the
humans right. The fulfillment of human rights related to religion be
appropriate if applied in Germany. Germany is a federal country that upholds
human rights. Although the number of muslim is not much as Indonesia, but
German should to fullfill the human right for it society with engage
Muslim Organization in dome of policy
that related with Islam.
Beside of it Indonesia should learn from Jerman to face Muslim
Organization radikal actions that improve in Jerman. For example Muslim radikal
Organization in Jerman such as Salafi. May Salafi it not distrub or destructive
like FPI but Salafi support Islamic State in Suriah that maybe can be threat to
German too. Indonesia should to learn how to face Muslim radical organization
that not demage the sovereignity of Indonesia and German but also can to deface
about Islam relegion in the world.